熱収支モデルに基づく頑健なイネ群落蒸散推定手法およびその応用に関する研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第23518号農博第2465号新制||農||1086(附属図書館)学位論文||R3||N5349(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻(主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 那須田 周平, 教授 中村 公人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

“Toward Antiracist and Transnational Feminist Solidarity”: Translator’s Note

This short essay presents an overview of the rationale for the translation into Japanese, of Rethinking Patriarchy, Culture and Masculinity: Transnational Narratives of Gender Violence and Human Rights Advocacy by Elora Halim Chowdhury (JIWS, vol.16, No.2, 2015). It includes a brief response by the author and the Japanese translation

Predicting rice (Oryza sativa L.) canopy temperature difference and estimating its environmental response in two rice cultivars, ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Takanari’, based on a neural network

Canopy photosynthesis is an important component of biomass production in field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although canopy temperature differences (CTD) provide important information for evaluating canopy photosynthesis, the measurement of CTD is still a labor-intensive task. Therefore, we designed this study to establish a model for predicting CTD under different field conditions using meteorological data and evaluated the environmental response of CTD using the established model. Our study collected 2, 056, 264 CTD data points from two rice cultivars having different photosynthetic capacities, ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Takanari’, and then used these data to create a novel model using a neural network (NN). The input variables were limited to meteorological data, and the output variable was set to CTD. The established NN model produced a prediction accuracy of R² = 0.792 and RMSE = 0.605°C. We then used this NN model to simulate the CTD response of the Koshihikari and Takanari cultivars in response to various environmental changes. These predictions revealed that Takanari had a lower CTD than Koshihikari when exposed to high relative humidity (RH) or low to moderate solar radiation (Rs). In contrast, the CTD of Koshihikari tended to be lower than that of Takanari under lower RH or higher Rs. This result implies that the advantages of the single-leaf gas exchange system in Takanari can be mitigated under extremely high-VPD conditions. Thus, our new method may provide a powerful tool to gain a better understanding of gas exchange, growth processes, and varietal differences in rice cultivated under field conditions

Small-angle X-ray scattering from the concentrated bulk phase separated from an amphiphilic block-copolymer solution

Aqueous solutions of the doubly thermosensitive block copolymer poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) heated to 50 degrees C underwent a macroscopic liquid/liquid phase separation. The small-angle X-ray scattering intensity recorded from the concentrated phase settled on the bottom of a sample indicated that this phase was in the disordered state without any microphase separation, although the block copolymer was amphiphilic in water at 50 degrees C. It was also confirmed that the contribution to the scattering intensities of individual copolymer chains and their aggregates existing in the coexisting concentrated phase was very small, compared with the total scattering intensity of the phase-separated solution, when the concentrated phase was suspended in the form of colloidal droplets in the lean phase.Peer reviewe

ジェンダーカ サレル ダイサンセカイ ノ コドモ ゾウ バングラデシュ ニ オケル アシッドバイオレンス コンゼツ ウンドウ ノ ジレイ カラ

本論は，アシッドバイオレンスのサバイバー支援を担うバングラデシュの女性NGOの広報活動を事例として，「第三世界の子ども」像を構築する視覚的なジェンダー表象の意味作用を明らかにするものである．女性NGOがウェブ上に公開する写真集を素材とした分析の結果，以下の知見が見出された．第一に，本写真集は，他の開発・人道支援組織の広報物と同じく，無垢な「子ども」像や「母子」像を配置することでオーディエンスの共感を喚起していた．第二に，写真集に登場する「第三世界の男の子」像は，暴力被害による心理的葛藤や社会関係上の困難とは切り離され，女性サバイバーに期待される安価な生産労働やケア労働を免除されていた．「第三世界の子ども」像は一枚岩ではなく，ジェンダーによって差異化されていたのである．しかし第三に，そのような「第三世界の男の子」像に表出される男性性は，「第一世界」の白人男性との関係においては劣位におかれていた．「第三世界の男の子」像は，グローバルな資本主義の下での男性性のヒエラルキーを崩すことなく，白人男性の覇権を脅かさない位置におかれるのである．This paper aims to explore the ways in which gendered visual representations of “children in the Third World” are employed within fundraising and advocacy materials that are produced by international development and humanitarian agencies for publicity in the global North. As a result of an analysis focused on a photobook published on the Internet by a non-governmental organization for Bangladeshi women, which has provided support for survivors of acid violence, the following points were elucidated. First, this photobook evokes the sympathy toward survivors by deploying visual iconic images of “vulnerable innocent children and their mothers,” like advertisements and publications by other development and humanitarian organizations. Second, the “young boy survivor” visual images that are often used in other materials by this organization are depicted as not experiencing psychological conflicts and social difficulties triggered by acid violence and as not doing cheap productive labor for international capitalist market and caring work for local families and communities, unlike girl survivors who appear in this photobook. This means that he is represented as a masculine subject and that images of children are gender differentiated. Third, the specific masculinity expressed in such images of “boys in the Third World” is presented as inferior to the White masculinity depicted through images of “adult men in the First World.” Under the colonial hierarchy of masculinities in an era of global capitalism, “boys in the Third World”” are symbolically located in such a position that would not threaten the hegemony of White men

Effect of flag leaf length of erect panicle rice on the canopy structure and biomass production after heading

Increasing the yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa) is the main objective of breeders and cultivators engaged in rice improvement programs. Erect panicle (EP) rice is generally high-yielding with panicles that remain non-curved until maturation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of agronomic traits with rice productivity in EP rice. Here, we used the recombinant inbred lines (RILs), crosses between Liaojing5 (erect panicle japonica type) and Wanlun422 (high-yielding indica type). The yield varied among the RILs, and the flag leaf length of EP RILs was negatively correlated with the yield; however, the correlation was not significant in the non-EP RILs. The flag leaf length of the EP RILs was also negatively correlated with biomass increase during the late ripening stage. This may reflect the canopy structure of the EP RILs with short flag leaves which had a larger leaf area index in the lower strata. Additionally, the chlorophyll content in the lower leaf significantly differed among the EP RILs with flag leaves of different lengths, resulting in a higher photosynthetic ability of the lower leaf of EP RILs with short flag leaves. In the present study, an EP line, which has the shortest flag leaf, showed a higher yield than Wanlun422 in both years. EP RILs with short flag leaves might show a higher canopy photosynthetic rate in the later ripening stage; therefore, this trait could be a potential phenotypic marker for achieving high yield of EP rice

A Report on Overseas Teaching Practicum by Graduate Students in Elementary/Secondary Schools in the United States（Ⅺ）

This paper reports on the 11th overseas teaching practicum in the U.S. 12 students joined this year’s program and they observed and conducted lessons in English in three local public schools in North Carolina after careful and repeated preparation sessions in Japan. Many of them did lessons on crosscultural understandings and a few taught subject contents. Through the trail to convey messages in English, their foreign language, students learned the role of verbal and nonverbal language and the more universal way to explain topics to children who are unfamiliar with what re taught. And they also learned and noticed the cultural differences and similalities between the two countries. It seemed that students realized that the two countries share many things in common such as what chidren are like, teachers’ attitude toward children and challenges they are facing, and people’s kindness. These learning was no substitute experience for the participants and it is hoped that their experience will be passed to the next generation when they become teachers

Free-Floating planet Mass Function from MOA-II 9-year survey towards the Galactic Bulge

We present the first measurement of the mass function of free-floating planets (FFP) or very wide orbit planets down to an Earth mass, from the MOA-II microlensing survey in 2006-2014. Six events are likely to be due to planets with Einstein radius crossing times, $t_{\rm E}<0.5$days, and the shortest has $t_{\rm E} = 0.057\pm 0.016$days and an angular Einstein radius of $\theta_{\rm E} = 0.90\pm 0.14\mu$as. We measure the detection efficiency depending on both $t_{\rm E}$ and $\theta_{\rm E}$ with image level simulations for the first time. These short events are well modeled by a power-law mass function, $dN_4/d\log M = (2.18^{+0.52}_{-1.40})\times (M/8\,M_\oplus)^{-\alpha_4}$ dex$^{-1}$star$^{-1}$ with $\alpha_4 = 0.96^{+0.47}_{-0.27}$ for $M/M_\odot < 0.02$. This implies a total of $f= 21^{+23}_{-13}$ FFP or very wide orbit planets of mass $0.33<M/M_\oplus < 6660$ per star, with a total mass of $80^{+73}_{-47} M_\oplus$ per star. The number of FFPs is $19_{-13}^{+23}$ times the number of planets in wide orbits (beyond the snow line), while the total masses are of the same order. This suggests that the FFPs have been ejected from bound planetary systems that may have had an initial mass function with a power-law index of $\alpha\sim 0.9$, which would imply a total mass of $171_{-52}^{+80} M_\oplus$ star$^{-1}$. This model predicts that Roman Space Telescope will detect $988^{+1848}_{-566}$ FFPs with masses down to that of Mars (including $575^{+1733}_{ -424}$ with $0.1 \le M/M_\oplus \le 1$). The Sumi(2011) large Jupiter-mass FFP population is excluded.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A

MOA-2020-BLG-135Lb: A New Neptune-class Planet for the Extended MOA-II Exoplanet Microlens Statistical Analysis

We report the light-curve analysis for the event MOA-2020-BLG-135, which leads to the discovery of a new Neptune-class planet, MOA-2020-BLG-135Lb. With a derived mass ratio of $q=1.52_{-0.31}^{+0.39} \times 10^{-4}$ and separation $s\approx1$, the planet lies exactly at the break and likely peak of the exoplanet mass-ratio function derived by the MOA collaboration (Suzuki et al. 2016). We estimate the properties of the lens system based on a Galactic model and considering two different Bayesian priors: one assuming that all stars have an equal planet-hosting probability and the other that planets are more likely to orbit more massive stars. With a uniform host mass prior, we predict that the lens system is likely to be a planet of mass $m_\mathrm{planet}=11.3_{-6.9}^{+19.2} M_\oplus$ and a host star of mass $M_\mathrm{host}=0.23_{-0.14}^{+0.39} M_\odot$, located at a distance $D_L=7.9_{-1.0}^{+1.0}\;\mathrm{kpc}$. With a prior that holds that planet occurrence scales in proportion to the host star mass, the estimated lens system properties are $m_\mathrm{planet}=25_{-15}^{+22} M_\oplus$, $M_\mathrm{host}=0.53_{-0.32}^{+0.42} M_\odot$, and $D_L=8.3_{-1.0}^{+0.9}\; \mathrm{kpc}$. This planet qualifies for inclusion in the extended MOA-II exoplanet microlens sample.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, submitted to the AAS Journal